Schwenkfelder's 12 Days of Christmas

Enjoy this old tune with new lyrics thanks to the talented Douglas Madenford. Each day features an old-time favorite food from the Nancy Roan Archive based upon how many recipes exist in the archive for the food. For example, there are ten versions of Apeas Cake!
On each of the twelve days of Christmas (December 25 through January 5), we will post a recipe on Facebook following along with the song lyrics. Here on the webpage, you can find all of the recipes for each day.
Happy cooking and eating!
In 2023 and 2024, we have been featuring recipes from the Nancy Roan Archive to complement the exhibit A Culinary Journey from Germany to Philadelphia. In the mid-1900s, Nancy interviewed older people, many of whom grew up in the late 1800s, about the food their family made and ate. We discovered that there were multiple versions of many favorites and so the idea of a "12 Days of Christmas" was born. Recipe cards for some of these foods as well as others are available for free at the exhibit's interactive table. Much thanks to Alice Wolfgang for her inspiration and time as she transcribed the recipes, and thanks to Doug Madenford for setting it to music for us.
Recipes for Days 1 through 7 are below. Click here for Days 8 through 10.
Click here for Days 11 and 12
Photo from H. Winslow Fegley SLHC collection, circa early 1900s
Day 1: Scrapple
Recipe 1 Scrapple
20 qt broth
30-35 lb cooked skins, heads, etc, ground meat
(31⁄2- 10 lb scrapple pans)
1 1⁄2 can or 2 handfuls marjoram
5 T coriander
6T pepper
3% lb buckwheat
2 lb cornmeal
Yields approximately 75 lbs. From 2 hogs average 250 lbs each. Used only about 1⁄2 the skin/no ears.

Photo by A. Wolfgang, Goschenhoppen Historians Christmas Market, 2019
Day 2: Lebkuchen
Recipe 1 Lebkuchen
Combine in a bowl:
31⁄2 c flour
2 t ginger
1⁄2 t cloves
/1⁄2t nutmeg
1⁄4t allspice
11⁄2 t salt
Combine in a 2 c measure and stir until foamy:
1 c molasses
1 t baking soda
X4
14 c flour
8 t ginger
2 t cloves
2 t nutmeg
1 t allspice
6 t salt
4 c molasses
4 t soda
Cream fat and sugar in bowl. Add molasses and then water, alternating with dry ingredients:
1⁄2 c fat
1⁄2 c water
1 c sugar
2 c fat
2 c H2O
4 c sugar
Bake at 375 for 10-12 minutes, depending on size.
Recipe 2: Soft Leb Cakes
1⁄2 pt sour or buttermilk
1⁄2 pt molasses
1 teacup butter or salted lard
1 large teaspoonful baking soda
2 well-beaten eggs
1/2 nutmeg
1 tsp cinnamon
1 soup spoonful ginger
flour
Day 3: Rice Pudding
Recipe 1 of Rice Pudding
Cook:
1/2 с rісе
21/2 с H20
3/4 tsalt
Add:
3 eggs
1/2 с sugar
2 t vanilla
1/2 с raisins
31/2 c mik
1 t nutmeg
2 T butter
Set dish in pan of hot H2O. Bake 300 for 1/2 hour-stir. Let bake another hour.
Recipe 2 of Rice Puddling (ca. 1887-1939)
1⁄2 c rice and a little water
Cook until dry (until done).
1 egg-pinch of salt-pinch of flour
1 T sugar
Beat all of the above together with egg beater.
Add 3/4 c - 1 c sugar, 1 quart milk.
Beat this and sugar into egg mix. Add rice.
Bake at 375 about 25 minutes. Bake in large flat pan until it puffs up. Take out before it falls.
Photo by Michael Davis, 2022
Recipe 3 of Rice Pudding
Cook until H2O evaporates:
1 T butter
1⁄2 c rice
1⁄2 c H2O
Cook 1⁄2 h: 2 c milk, 1 piece of cinnamon
3-4 T sugar
1⁄2 t salt
1⁄2 c raisins
1 c milk
Bring to boil again-add some to 1 egg. Return to pan and cook 1 min longer.
Day 4: Sand Tarts
Recipe 1 of Sand Tarts
1 lb sugar
4 lb butter
4 eggs
11/2 lb flour
Mix first four ingredients with a spoon, first softening the butter. Then knead and work in the flour with the hand. It will make a fairly stiff dough. This is best if mixed in the evening and allowed to stand in a cool place overnight.
In the morning roll as thin as possible. Cut with cookie cutters after sprinkling with granulated sugar. Put cookies on cookie sheet or cookie pan. Brush center with eggs. Press chopped nut meats in center and sprinkle with a little cinnamon. Bake to a golden brown.
Recipe 2 of Sand Tarts (Aunt Mary cut these quite thin, maybe 4")
1 c granulated sugar
1⁄2 c butter
2 c flour
1 egg
11 milk
1⁄2 t soda
Place sugar, egg and melted butter in bowl and mix thoroughly. Add milk and sifted flour with soda. Shape into desired mold and chill. Cut w/ sharp knife very thin-dip tarts in granulated sugar on one side. Place on greased pan sugar side up, place nut meats on top and bake about 8 minutes.

Photo by H. Winslow Fegley SLHC collection,
circa early 1900s.
Recipe 3 of Sand Tarts
2 lb sugar
1 lb butter
8 eggs
Flour to make stiff
Recipe 4 of Sand Tarts
1 c butter
11⁄2 c granulated sugar
2 eggs
3 T H20
11/2 t Baking powder
4 c flour
Day 5: Mincemeat Pie
Recipe 1 of Mincemeat makes 6-7 quarts
Add suet to cooked mincemeat when it has cooled. Do not cook with other ingredients. - NR
1 lb suet (ground)
6 c ground cooked beef (tongue or heart)
12 c chopped apple
3 c brown sugar
3 c cider
1 c chopped watermelon preserves with juice
2 boxes raisins (15 oz each)
1 box currants (11 oz)
6 T molasses
3 t salt
3 t cinnamon
1 1⁄2 t cloves
11⁄2 t nutmeg
1 t mace
Simmer about 1 hour. c ground candied orange rind. When cooked, add suet.
Recipe 2 of Mince Pie without meat or apples
Take a cup of molasses, 1 cup of sugar, 1 cup of vinegar, 1 cup of water, a piece of butter the size of an egg, 1 teaspoon of ground cloves, cinnamon. Thicken with crumbled bread, simmer about 10 minutes. Add a few raisins. 2% bread crumbs.
Recipe 3 of Mince Pie (1867)
3 eggs
3 cups water
Recipe 3 of Mince Pie (1867)
3 eggs
3 cups water
1 sugar
1 molasses
1 vinegar
1 flower or bread
1 teaspoon cloves
1" cinnamon
1 nutmeg
1 cream of tartar
1 soda
Photo by H. Winslow Fegley SLHC collection,
circa early 1900s.
Recipe 4 of Mince Ples
Take a neats tongue lay it in water for four hours wash it well and boil it when cold chop it fine shred two pounds of beef suet fine two pounds of raisins stoned chopped three pounds of currants washed and rubbed /4 oz of cinnamon the same quantity of cloves and a little mace a nutmeg grated one lb brown sugar three the rind of a large lemon chopped fine half a pound of citron cut in thin slices one pint of brandy the same quantity wine and cider chop the apples as you use it.
Recipe 5 of Green Tomato Mincemeat
3 pounds green tomatoes
31⁄2 pounds apples
2 pounds brown sugar
2 pounds seedless raisins
1 cup ground suet
1 T salt
21⁄2 T cinnamon
2 t ground cloves
1 T nutmeg
Day 6: Homemade Candy
Recipe 1 of Homemade Candy-Yellow Chalk (also called yellow jack, belly guts, molasses taffy)
2 c molasses
1 c brown sugar
2 T butter
1⁄3 c water
1 T vinegar
1/3 t soda
1⁄2 t vanilla (optional)
Combine and heat molasses, sugar, butter, vinegar, and water in heavy saucepan until sugar is dissolved. Cook, stirring occasionally to 260 degrees. Add soda and vanilla. Pour into well- greased shallow pan. When cool enough to handle, butter hands and pull candy into long ropes. Cut into pieces.
Recipe 2 of homemade candy-Clear Toy Candy (Christ Kindlin)
2 c granulated sugar
2/3 c white corn syrup
1 c H20
Bring to boil over medium heat. Stir to dissolve sugar. When sugar is dissolved, increase heat and boil rapidly to 290 degrees (do not stir).
Remove from heat and quickly stir in 10-12 drops of red food coloring or 8 drops green. Yellow is the natural color. Pour into greased molds.
Recipe 3 of homemade candy-Puffy Peanut Taffy Brittle (2 lbs)
2 c sugar
1/4 tsalt
1 c It corn syrup
1 c H20
3 c shelled peanuts
2 T butter
2 T vanilla
2 t baking soda
1-Butter a 15X10X1" pan.
2-Blend sugar, salt, syrup and H2O in Ig, heavy saucepan, cover, bring to a boil, uncover
3-Cook over high heat to 234 degrees.
4-Add peanuts slowly-keep mixture bubbling-cook 8 mins.
5-Stir in butter, cook to 300 degrees or about 2 min.
6-Quickly sprinkle soda over surface. Stir thoroughly and vigorously until puffy (15 sec). Pour into prepared pan immediately.
Photo by Michael Davis, 2022
Recipe 4 of homemade candy-Marzioan
1 c almond paste
2 egg whites
1⁄2 t vanilla
1 c 10x sugar
Beat egg whites and mix into softened almond paste. Add vanilla and sugar, work until a smooth dough is formed. Shape or mold. Let dry overnite, paint with food colors. Blending of colors is easier if entire candy is brushed with clear water. To mold-roll into small ball, roll ball lightly in 10x sugar before pressing into mold.
Recipe 5 of homemade candy-Rum Balls
8 oz unsweetened chocolate
4 oz sweet chocolate
14 oz condensed milk
Melt over hot H20. Stir in milk and blend well. Stir in 2 Trum. Shape into balls and roll in choc. Jimmies.
Recipe & of homemade cand Potato Candy
Cooked potato - mix with a little butter and potato water, then confectioners sugar to proper consistency. Shape into little balls and roll in 10x sugar.
Day 7: Chow Chow
Recipe 1 of Chow Chow
3 c. sugar (3%)
5 c. vinegar
3 c. H2O
2T salt
1⁄2t pepper
1 T celery seed
1 T mustard seed
This amount of juice will make about 5-6 quarts of chow chow.
Recipe 2 of Chow Chow
1 head cabbage chopped, 2 qt string beans, 1 qt lima beans (both cooked), 2 qt sweet com, 1 qt green tomatoes, 1⁄2 doz cucumbers (both salted), 1⁄2 doz green peppers, 1 bunch celery. Each ingredient to be prepared separately. Put all together in a preserving kettle, add 1 c sugar, hand full of salt and vinegar to cover. Let cook till done. Add 5 cents worth of ground mustard. Boil a few minutes.
Recipe 3 of Chow Chow
1/4 peck green tomatoes, 1/4 peck white onions, 1/4 peck string beans, 1 doz green cucumbers, 1 lb sugar, 1 doz red and green peppers. Season with salt, white mustard seed and celery. Cover them with cider vinegar and let them simmer over a slow fire for 2 hrs.
Recipe 4 of Corn Chow Chow
6 qt ch. cabbage, 4 qt corn boiled, 3 c sugar, 3 T salt, 1⁄2 lb gr mustard, 1 T yellow mustard seed, 2 T dk mustard seed, 2 T celery, 3 qt vinegar.
Recipe 5 of Chow Chow
2 small heads of cabbage, 1 qt small onions, 1 qt small pickles, 1 qt nasturtiums, 2 qt corn, 1 qt lima beans, 1 qt green tomatoes, 2 heads cauliflower, 5 or 6 ch pepper, 1 qt string beans, 2 bunches celery, 1⁄4 lb yellow mustard seed, 1⁄4 lb dark mustard seed, 2 or 3 T celery seed, 2 tea cups sugar, 1⁄4 lb ground mustard, 2 qt vinegar or as much as will be required to cover the vegetables. Salt to taste.
Click here for Days 8 through 10.
Click here for Days 11 and Day 12.
Photo by A. Wolfgang, Goschenhoppen Historians
Christmas Market, 2022
Recipe 6 of Chow Chow
Two gallons green tomatoes, one large head of cabbage, one dozen green peppers, one dozen red peppers, one dozen onions, chop each separately very fine. Mix all together then put a layer of the mixture and a sprinkle of salt then put in a bag and hang all night to drain. In the morning squeeze it perfectly dry with the hands and then put in a dish cover with cold vinegar. Let it sit six hours then squeeze as before. Season with one cup of mustard seed, three tablespoons full of celery seed, one of mace, three of allspice, one quart of grated horseradish. Mix all these well together. Boil vinegar enough to cover. Put one pound of sugar in the vinegar pour it boiling over the pickle.
Recipe 7 of Chow Chow
4 lb black mustard seed
1⁄2 doz pepper, red and green, cut and salted
1 pt small onions
2 doz pickles, cut and salted
4 peck string beans cut fine
1 pint lima beans
1 pint com
1⁄2 head cabbage cut fine
Several stalks celery
1/2 lb sugar salt to taste
Vinegar to cover
Let boil gently until soft enough
Day 8: Fruitcake
Recipe 1 of Fruit Cake
1 ½ cups of sugar, 1 ½ of eggs, 7 lbs of fruit-raisins, currants, citron. 1 ½ cup of flour, spice to your taste.
Recipe 2 of Black Fruit Cake
½ lb butter, ½ lb sugar, 5 eggs, ½ c molasses, ½ lb flour, 1 ½ lb raisins, 1 ½ lb currants, ½ lb citron, 1 nutmeg, 2 t cloves, 2 t cinnamon, 1 c brandy
Recipe 3 of Cheap Fruit Cake
1 c butter, 1 c brown sugar, 1 c molasses, 1 c milk, 3 c flour, 4 eggs, 2 lb raisins, ½ lb currants, 1 nutmeg, some citron, 3 small t baking powder
Recipe 4 of English Fruit Cake
1 lb white sugar, ¾ lb butter, 1 lb flour, 12 eggs, 2 lb raisins chopped, 2 lb currants washed and dried, ½ lb citron, cinnamon, nutmeg, + cloves, ¼ oz each. Rub butter and sugar together, then yolks of eggs, part of flour, the spice and white of eggs, the rest of flour, wine, and brandy. Mix all thoroughly, add fruit last. Put paper on bottom and sides of pan. Bake 4 hours in slow oven.
Recipe 5 of Fruit Cake
5 eggs, 5 c flour, 3 c sugar, 1 c butter, ½ c milk, ½ lb raisins, ½ lb currants, ½ lb citron, chopped fine. Cream the butter and sugar add egg well beaten. Then flour with 3 t Royal baking powder then add fruit beating thoroughly. Bake in a moderate oven 2 hours over.
Recipe 6 of Eva Fruit Cake
1 ½ lb dark brown sugar, 1 lb butter, 4# currants, 4 lb raisins, 1# citron, 1 ½ lb flour, 1 doz eggs, 1 c molasses, ½ c brandy, 1 t soda, 2 T cinnamon, ½ T cloves, 3 nutmeg, rind of 2 lemons. Flour fruit well and bake 5 hours. This makes 2 large cakes. Put spices on fruit.
Photo by Nancy Roan
Recipe 7 of Fruit Cake
1 lb raisins, 1 lb currants, ¼ lb citron, 1 pt shellbarks, 2 heaped c sugar, 4 eggs, 1 c butter, 1 c milk, 3 t Royal Baking Powder, 1 wine glass brandy, spices to taste and 4 T of molasses. Beat butter and sugar to a cream, beat whites and yolks of eggs separately, add yolks to butter and sugar, add milk, then whites beaten light, mix fruit and stiffen with flour.
Recipe 8 of Mrs. Moyers Fruit Cake
1 lb butter, 1 lb sugar, 10 eggs, 1 lb flour, ½ gil brandy, 1 nutmeg, 1 t cloves, 2 t cinnamon, 1 ½ lb raisins, ½ lb currants, 1 lb citron. Seed the raisins and chop fine. Wash the citron in hot water, wipe dry, and slice it in small thin pieces. Beat the butter and sugar to a cream. Beat the eggs until thick and add them by degrees, then add the flour with the brandy and spices and lastly the fruit. Mix the whole well together. Paper your pans and put in the mixture. Spread it smooth over the top with a knife and bake in a moderate oven about 4 hours.
Day 9: Gingerbread
Recipe 1 of Ginger Bread
½ c molasses, ½ c sugar, 2 c flour, small lump butter, ½ c milk, 1 t soda, ½ t cream tartar. Ginger, cinnamon.
Recipe 2 of New York Gingerbread
1 tea cup of butter, 1 tea cup of sugar, 1 c molasses, 1 c milk, 3 c flour, 2 eggs, 3 t ginger, ½ t cloves, 1 t saleratus [baking powder] dissolved in the milk, if convenient add raisins or currants.
Recipe 3 of Ginger Bread
2 lb flour, 1 lb sugar, 1 pt molasses, ½ lb butter, 1 oz ginger.
Recipe 4 of Soft Ginger Bread
2½ lb flour, ¾ lb butter, 1 lb sugar, 1 pt molasses, ½ pt milk, 5 t pearl ash.
Recipe 5 of Ginger Cake
1 c granulated sugar, ½ c molasses, ½ c butter and lard, 1 egg, 2½ c flour, 1 t ginger, 1 t cinnamon, 1 t soda dissolved in a cup of boiling water. Bake in a medium oven. PS Do not add any more flour.
Recipe 6 of Soft Ginger Bread
¾ c sugar, 1 c molasses, ½ c butter, 1 t ginger, cinnamon, cloves, 2 t soda dissolved in 1 c boiling water, 2½ c flour. Add 2 well beaten eggs the last thing.
Photo by Nancy Roan
Recipe 7 of Plum Gingerbread
4 lb of flour, 1¼ lb of butter, 1 quart of molasses, 2 lb of raisins, 8 eggs, 2 tablespoons of ginger, 1 oz of cinnamon, 1 qt of either milk, cider or old spruce beer, 6 teaspoons of pearl ash dissolved. Old cider is the best.
Recipe 8 of Hard Gingerbread
1 teacup of molasses, a large tablespoon of butter, a teaspoon of ginger, a teaspoon of pearl ash. Thicken with flour. Very good.
Recipe 9 of Ginger Bread
1 cup molasses, 1 cup sugar, ½ cup butter and lard, 1 cup sour milk or buttermilk, 3 cups of flour, 2 eggs (one will be good), 2 teaspoons soda, 2 teaspoons cinnamon, 1¼ teaspoons ginger, 1 teaspoon cloves. Use New Orleans molasses.
Day 10: Apeas Cake
Recipe 1 of Grammy’s Apeas Cake
2–8" greased pie plates — 375 degrees 30 min.
1 egg
½ c milk
1 t soda combined with 1 T H2O, add to egg and milk.
Stir into the following:
3 c flour
1 t cream of tartar
1 t B.P.
1¼ c sugar
½ c fat
½ t salt
Recipe 2 of A.P. Cake (from Mabel Hunsicker)
4 c flour
½ t salt
1 c shortening
1 lb lt brown sugar
Mix ingredients like pie dough. Add milk and soda.
1½ c soured milk (use vinegar)
1 t baking soda
Bake 350 – 35 minutes.
Recipe 3 of Marie Jacobs Apeas Cake
2 c brown sugar
¾ c molasses
1¾ t soda
Recipe 3 of Marie Jacobs Apeas Cake (continued)
1 T cream of tartar
1 c lard
1 c milk
6 c flour
Makes about 2-9" or 2-8" cakes. Put into flat cakes ½" thick to fit pie plates. 375 degrees 30-40 min.
Recipe 4 of A.P. Cakes
2 c light B. sugar
4 c flour
1 c margarine
1 egg and pinch of salt
1 T B. soda
¾ c sweet milk
Mix dry ingredients. Add shortening. Put B. soda in a cup. Moisten soda with a little vinegar. 1 egg, beaten lightly. Add sweet milk, too, soda and egg mix with dry ingredients to a dough. Roll/shape into cakes.
Recipe 5 of Apeas
1 lb sugar, 1 lb butter, 2 eggs, one gill of rose water, 2 lbs of flour (c 1833)
Photo by A. Wolfgang, Goschenhoppen Folk Festival, 2022
Recipe 6 of Mina Gehris Apeas Cake
3 c flour, 1 c sugar, ¾ c lard, moist with sour milk, 1 t soda.
Recipe 7 of AP Cake
6 c flour
1 lb brown sugar
1 cup shortening
1 t salt
1 t B.P.
1 c milk and enough to make tacky
Bake 350 1 hr. Makes 4–8" cakes.
Recipe 8 of Abbie Cake
2 c brown sugar
5 c flour
1 c milk
¾ c lard
1 tsp soda
Recipe 9 of Abbie Cakes
5 c flour
2 c sugar
2 eggs
2 t BP
½ t B. soda
Lard size of egg
Recipe 10 of A.P. Cakes
3 c flour
2 c brown sugar
1 c shortening or butter
½ c milk with a little vinegar
1 T B. soda
Bake 350 for 45 minutes. Makes 3
